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使用vagrant构建开发测试环境
安装virtualBox和vagrant
下载一个box
笔者选择的centos7.2 vagrantup vagrantbox
速度太慢，请用离线下载或者下载工具，国内也有镜像资源
添加box，初始化vagrant box
选择一个目录,开始构建
$ cd ~/project/
$ vagrant box add /Users/Neo/Downloads/macTools/vagrant-centos-7.2.box --name centos7.2
==> box: Box file was not detected as metadata. Adding it directly...
==> box: Adding box 'centos7.2' (v0) for provider:
box: Unpacking necessary files from: file:///Users/Neo/Downloads/macTools/vagrant-centos-7.2.box
==> box: Successfully added box 'centos7.2' (v0) for 'virtualbox'!
$ vagrant box list
centos7.2 (virtualbox, 0)
$ vagrant init centos7.2
A `Vagrantfile` has been placed in this directory. You are now
ready to `vagrant up` your first virtual environment! Please read
the comments in the Vagrantfile as well as documentation on
`vagrantup.com` for more information on using Vagrant.
这样目录中就会多出一个文件叫 Vagrantfile 所有的机关也就都在这里了，比如这里面有一句 config.vm.box = "centos7.2"这样
我不用线上的原因是太慢，如果是团队开发，一个人构建好之后丢到服务器上最合适
执行vagrant up
$ vagrant up
Bringing machine 'default' up with 'virtualbox' provider...
==> default: Importing base box 'centos7.2'...
==> default: Matching MAC address for NAT networking...
==> default: Setting the name of the VM: project_default_1494056264311_10321
==> default: Clearing any previously set network interfaces...
==> default: Preparing network interfaces based on configuration...
default: Adapter 1: nat
==> default: Forwarding ports...
default: 22 => 2222 (adapter 1)
==> default: Booting VM...
==> default: Waiting for machine to boot. This may take a few minutes...
default: SSH address: 127.0.0.1:2222
default: SSH username: vagrant
default: SSH auth method: private key
default: Warning: Connection timeout. Retrying...
default: Warning: Remote connection disconnect. Retrying...
default:
default: Vagrant insecure key detected. Vagrant will automatically replace
default: this with a newly generated keypair for better security.
default:
default: Inserting generated public key within guest...
default: Removing insecure key from the guest if it's present...
default: Key inserted! Disconnecting and reconnecting using new SSH key...
==> default: Machine booted and ready!
==> default: Checking for guest additions in VM...
default: The guest additions on this VM do not match the installed version of
default: VirtualBox! In most cases this is fine, but in rare cases it can
default: prevent things such as shared folders from working properly. If you see
default: shared folder errors, please make sure the guest additions within the
default: virtual machine match the version of VirtualBox you have installed on
default: your host and reload your VM.
default:
default: Guest Additions Version: 4.3.30
default: VirtualBox Version: 5.0
==> default: Mounting shared folders...
default: /vagrant => /Users/Neo/project
如果你是用的网上的box，可能需要十几分钟以上，建议是放到内网或者本地
访问虚拟机
$ vagrant ssh
[vagrant@localhost ~]$ uname -r
3.10.0-327.4.5.el7.x86_64
我们已经进入虚拟机了，登陆进来的用户名是 vagrant，这个用户挺好，执行 sudo 是不需要输入密码的，开发中实际使用挺好用的。不过如果我非要创建自己的用户也是可以的。
修改配置
关键步骤来了，vagrant默认配置不满足我们的需求
修改内存
默认内存512m
v.memory = 1024
你也可以进入VirtualBox修改，不过VagrantFile都可以搞定
修改网络
网络模式有3种
- forwarded_port
- private_network
- public_network
很简单，按照你的需求设置，个人开发环境建议设置为private_network
config.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.222.111"
协同开发，大家可以下载使用同一个VagrantFile，大部分配置相同，是不是很爽
修改共享目录
我们需要制定共享目录的用户和权限，开发的代码就在共享目录里了。
在这之前必须进入vagrant增加你需要的用户www，如果你直接用vagrant，就不需要
config.vm.synced_folder "/Users/Neo/project", "/vagrant",create:true, :owner => "www", :group => "www", :mount_options => ["dmode=775","fmode=664"]
修改登录
我比较喜欢crt或者xshell统一管理机器,在结尾加上
config.ssh.username = 'vagrant'
config.ssh.password = 'vagrant'
config.ssh.insert_key = 'true'
重启
vagrant reload
ssh免密登录
# 现在我们进入vagrant 账号root密码vagrant
[root@localhost ~]# cd ~/
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir .ssh
# 纯净的没vim，加上自己的sshkey
[root@localhost ~]# vi authorized_keys
# 保存退出
在通过crt Publickey方式，完美无密码进入
打包box
装完你（团队）需要的环境之后，退出vagrant，我们打包成一个开发环境的box供大家使用
vagrant package --output xxxx.box --vagrantfile file
获取远程仓库
vagrant box add centos7.2 http://127.0.0.1/xxxx.box
附录：完整的vagrantFile
# -*- mode: ruby -*-
# vi: set ft=ruby :
# All Vagrant configuration is done below. The "2" in Vagrant.configure
# configures the configuration version (we support older styles for
# backwards compatibility). Please don't change it unless you know what
# you're doing.
Vagrant.configure(2) do |config|
# The most common configuration options are documented and commented below.
# For a complete reference, please see the online documentation at
# https://docs.vagrantup.com.
# Every Vagrant development environment requires a box. You can search for
# boxes at https://atlas.hashicorp.com/search.
config.vm.box = "centos7.2"
# Disable automatic box update checking. If you disable this, then
# boxes will only be checked for updates when the user runs
# `vagrant box outdated`. This is not recommended.
# config.vm.box_check_update = false
# Create a forwarded port mapping which allows access to a specific port
# within the machine from a port on the host machine. In the example below,
# accessing "localhost:8080" will access port 80 on the guest machine.
# config.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 80, host: 8080
# Create a private network, which allows host-only access to the machine
# using a specific IP.
config.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.222.111"
# Create a public network, which generally matched to bridged network.
# Bridged networks make the machine appear as another physical device on
# your network.
# config.vm.network "public_network"
# Share an additional folder to the guest VM. The first argument is
# the path on the host to the actual folder. The second argument is
# the path on the guest to mount the folder. And the optional third
# argument is a set of non-required options.
config.vm.synced_folder "/Users/Neo/project", "/vagrant",create:true, :owner => "www-data", :group => "www-data", :mount_options => ["dmode=775","fmode=664"]
# Provider-specific configuration so you can fine-tune various
# backing providers for Vagrant. These expose provider-specific options.
# Example for VirtualBox:
#
# config.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |vb|
# # Display the VirtualBox GUI when booting the machine
# vb.gui = true
#
# # Customize the amount of memory on the VM:
# vb.memory = "1024"
# end
#
# View the documentation for the provider you are using for more
# information on available options.
# Define a Vagrant Push strategy for pushing to Atlas. Other push strategies
# such as FTP and Heroku are also available. See the documentation at
# https://docs.vagrantup.com/v2/push/atlas.html for more information.
# config.push.define "atlas" do |push|
# push.app = "YOUR_ATLAS_USERNAME/YOUR_APPLICATION_NAME"
# end
# Enable provisioning with a shell script. Additional provisioners such as
# Puppet, Chef, Ansible, Salt, and Docker are also available. Please see the
# documentation for more information about their specific syntax and use.
# config.vm.provision "shell", inline: <<-SHELL
# sudo apt-get update
# sudo apt-get install -y apache2
# SHELL
config.ssh.username = 'vagrant'
config.ssh.password = 'vagrant'
config.ssh.insert_key = 'true'
end